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Iran sanctions: disclosure of information under ECHR
A bank challenging financial restrictions affecting it was entitled to disclosure of sufficient information about the allegations against it to enable it to give effective instructions to special advocates in a closed hearing.
The Claimant bank applied pursuant to section 63 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 to set aside financial restriction decisions affecting it in the Financial Restrictions (Iran) Orders 2011 and 2012, which restricted the access of Iranian banks to UK financial markets. The Defendant had relied on material which it was not prepared to disclose since it would breach national security to do so. The Defendant argued that the standard of disclosure required by the decision of the House of Lords in Secretary of State for the Home Department v AF (No 3) ([2010] 2 AC 269) did not apply and that there was no requirement in this case to disclose the details of allegations to the Claimant where the interests of national security required secrecy.
This approach was rejected by the judge who was persuaded that Article 6.1 of the ECHR required disclosure that met the requirements of AF (No 3). While the Claimant’s liberty was not affected in the same way as an individual, the utterly damaging effect on its ability to function was material and its exclusion from London as a major centre for financial institutions was particularly damaging.
Bank Mellat v HM Treasury [2014] EWHC 3631 (Admin), 5 November 2014